Clinical Psychometric Tool — Holmes & Rahe, 1967

Life Stress
Inventory

Tick every event that has happened to you in the past 12 months. Each carries a weighted score. Your total reveals the stress load your body has been quietly absorbing.

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Developed by
Dr Thomas Holmes & Dr Richard Rahe
University of Washington, School of Medicine
Published
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1967. Validated on over 5,000 patients.
What it measures
Cumulative psychosocial stress load and its correlation with illness risk over two years.
Major Life Events
01
Death of a spouse or partner
100
02
Divorce
73
03
Marital separation
65
04
Imprisonment or institutionalisation
63
05
Death of a close family member
63
06
Personal injury or serious illness
53
07
Marriage
50
Work & Finance
08
Dismissal from work / job loss
47
09
Marital reconciliation
45
10
Retirement
45
11
Change in health of a close family member
44
12
Pregnancy
40
13
Sexual difficulties
39
14
Gaining a new family member (birth, adoption, elderly relative moving in)
39
15
Major business readjustment (merger, reorganisation, bankruptcy)
39
16
Major change in financial state (better or worse)
38
17
Death of a close friend
37
18
Changing to a different line of work
36
19
Major change in number of arguments with spouse or partner
35
20
Taking out a large mortgage or loan
31
21
Foreclosure of mortgage or loan
30
22
Major change in responsibilities at work (promotion, demotion, lateral transfer)
29
23
Son or daughter leaving home
29
24
Trouble with in-laws
29
25
Outstanding personal achievement
28
Home & Social Life
26
Spouse or partner starting or stopping work
26
27
Starting or finishing formal education
26
28
Major change in living conditions (building, renovation, neighbourhood change)
25
29
Revision of personal habits (dress, manners, associations)
24
30
Trouble with boss or employer
23
31
Major change in working hours or conditions
20
32
Change of residence
20
33
Changing to a new school or educational institution
20
34
Major change in usual type or amount of recreation
19
35
Major change in church or religious activities
19
36
Major change in social activities (clubs, dancing, movies, visiting)
18
37
Taking out a small mortgage or loan (car, appliances)
17
38
Major change in sleeping habits (much more or less, or different schedule)
16
39
Major change in number of family get-togethers
15
40
Major change in eating habits (diet, meal times, amounts)
15
41
Holiday or vacation
13
42
Christmas or major holiday period
12
43
Minor violation of the law (traffic fine, jaywalking, disturbing the peace)
11
Your Total 0
0 150 LOW 300 HIGH 450+
Important

This is a validated screening tool, not a diagnosis. A high score does not mean you will get sick. It means your stress load is elevated and worth paying attention to. If you are struggling, please talk to a doctor or mental health professional.

Sources & Further Reading
  • Holmes, T.H. & Rahe, R.H. (1967). The Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

    Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11(2), 213-218. The original paper. 43 events, 394 participants, establishing the correlation between life change units and subsequent illness.

    doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4
  • Rahe, R.H., Mahan, J.L. & Arthur, R.J. (1970). Prediction of near-future health change from subjects' preceding life changes.

    Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 14(4), 401-406. Prospective validation on US Navy personnel showing high LCU scores predicted illness in subsequent months.

    doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(70)90002-5
  • Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D. & Miller, G.E. (2007). Psychological Stress and Disease.

    JAMA, 298(14), 1685-1687. Widely cited review linking psychosocial stress to cardiovascular disease, infection susceptibility, and accelerated ageing.

    doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.14.1685
  • American Institute of Stress: Holmes-Rahe Stress Inventory

    Accessible overview with scoring interpretation and broader context around the scale.

    stress.org/holmes-rahe-stress-inventory
  • Sapolsky, R.M. (2004). Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers. 3rd ed. W.W. Norton.

    The best accessible book on chronic stress and biology. Chapter 14 directly covers psychological stress and disease risk. If you want to understand what your score actually means for your body, start here.

  • McEwen, B.S. (1998). Stress, Adaptation, and Disease: Allostasis and Allostatic Load.

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 840, 33-44. Introduces the concept of allostatic load, the biological mechanism behind why accumulated life change causes physical harm.

    doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09546.x